Len Sassaman (1980–2011) was a prominent American technologist, information privacy advocate, and a key figure in the cypherpunk movement. He is recognized for his significant contributions to cryptography and digital privacy protocols, and speculation exists that he may have been the anonymous creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto. Key Contributions and Career Cryptography and Privacy: Sassaman was a strong advocate for using cryptography to protect individual freedoms in the digital age. He worked with Phil Zimmermann on the development of the widely used Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption software and its update, GNU Privacy Guard.Mixmaster: One of his major contributions was serving as the lead maintainer and operator of the Mixmaster anonymous remailer code, a system designed to send untraceable messages by stripping original headers and routing messages through multiple intermediaries.Internet Standards: At just 18 years old, he joined the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and contributed to the development of the fundamental TCP/IP protocol.Conferences and Research: He co-founded CodeCon, an annual conference for tech enthusiasts, and the HotPETS workshop, which focused on privacy-enhancing technologies. He was also a doctoral student at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium, where he researched under notable cryptographers David Chaum and Bart Preneel. The Satoshi Nakamoto Theory Due to his extensive expertise in cryptography, anonymity networks, and his sudden death coinciding with the end of Satoshi Nakamoto's online activity, many have speculated that Sassaman was the creator of Bitcoin. Circumstantial evidence supporting this theory includes: Expertise: He possessed the technical knowledge and community connections to create Bitcoin.Timing: Nakamoto went silent two months before Sassaman's suicide in July 2011.Memorial: A tribute to Sassaman, encoded by his friend Dan Kaminsky, is permanently embedded in Bitcoin block 138,725. Despite the speculation, his wife, Meredith L. Patterson, has stated that she does not believe her husband was Satoshi Nakamoto. His influence on modern digital privacy and security is considered foundational, regardless of the speculation.
Harold Thomas Finney II Amerika Birləşmiş Ştatlarının proqram təminatı inkişafçısı idi. Karyerasının başlanğıcında bir neçə konsol oyununun baş inkişafçısı kimi tanınırdı. Daha sonra PGP Korporasiyasında çalışdı. O, erkən Bitcoin iştirakçısı idi və valyutanın yaradıcı olan Satoshi Nakamotodan ilk Bitcoin əməliyyatını aldı. Haqqında Doğulma tarixi: 4 May 1956, Coalinga, Kaliforniya, Birləşmiş Ştatlar Vəfat etdi: 28 Avqust 2014 (58 yaşında), Scottsdale, Arizona, Birləşmiş Ştatlar Təhsil: Kaliforniya Texnologiya İnstitutu (1979), Arcadia Liseyi Vətəndaşlıq: Amerika Tanınmışdır: İlk Bitcoin alıcısı Dəfn yeri: Alcor Həyat Uzatma Fondunun krioprezervasiyasında
ABŞ-ın hərbi büdcəsi dünyada ən böyüyüdür, 2024/2025 üçün 1 trilyon dollar yaxınlaşır və 2027-ci il üçün 1.5 trilyon dollar əhəmiyyətli artım təklif edilir, şəxsi heyət, əməliyyatlar, tədqiqat və avadanlıq üçün xərcləri əhatə edir, digər ölkələrin xərclərini kiçikləşdirir və qlobal hərbi varlığı və yeni texnologiyaların inkişafını maliyyələşdirir. Hazırkı & Son Rəqəmlər 2024/2025: Təxminən 997 milyard dollar ilə 1 trilyon dollar arasında. 2023: Təxminən 853 milyard dollar. 2026-cı il: Müdafiə Nazirliyinin (DoD) büdcə resursları 1.48 trilyon dollar civarındadır. Büdcənin Əsas Komponentləri (2024-cü il) Əməliyyatlar & Texniki xidmət: 332 milyard dollar (təlim, yanacaq, səhiyyə). Hərbi Şəxslər: 192 milyard dollar (maaş, sosial müavinətlər). Təchizat (Avadanlıq): 152 milyard dollar (yeni silahların alınması). Tədqiqat & İnkişaf (T&İ): 138 milyard dollar (AI, lazerlər kimi gələcək texnologiyalar). Gələcək Proqnozlar & Təkliflər 2027-ci il Təklifi: Prezident Trump qlobal təhlükələrə qarşı 1.5 trilyon dollar məbləğində kütləvi artım tələb edir, BBC-yə görə. Uzun Müddətli: Konqres Büdcə Ofisi müdafiə xərclərinin 2033-cü ilə qədər 1.1 trilyon dolları keçəcəyini proqnozlaşdırır. Qlobal Kontekst ABŞ, müdafiəyə görə növbəti 10 ölkənin toplamından daha çox xərcləyir. Bu büdcə, 800-dən çox xarici bazanı əhatə edən qlobal hərbi varlığı dəstəkləyir və texnoloji üstünlüyü qoruyur.
As of January 17, 2026, X (formerly Twitter) is largely back online following a significant global outage that occurred on Friday, January 16,2026. X, platform formerly known as Twitter, was down for thousands across the US on Friday. Downdetector, a platform that tracks online outages, showed at least 45,000 reports about X at the time of writing this story. Users were not able to see their timeline and other posts. xAI's bot, Grok, was also down. Outage Details (January 16, 2026) Scale: Tens of thousands of users worldwide reported disruptions, with peak reports reaching over 75,000 on Downdetector around 10:00 AM ET (3:00 PM GMT). Symptoms: Users encountered blank screens, "connection timed out" errors, and timelines that failed to load posts. Affected Regions: Issues were widespread across the US, UK, India, Canada, Australia, and Europe. Scope: Both the mobile app and the desktop website were affected, though a majority of reports (56%) cited issues with the mobile application. Frequency: This was the second major outage in one week; a smaller disruption occurred on Tuesday, January 13, 2026, affecting roughly 24,000 users. Current Status and Resolution Restoration: Services began stabilizing by early afternoon ET on January 16. Reports dropped significantly by 2:00 PM ET. Official Response: X has not yet provided a definitive cause for this specific outage. While some users saw Cloudflare error messages, Cloudflare confirmed their own systems were functioning normally and the issue originated within X's infrastructure. Troubleshooting Steps If you are still experiencing issues: Check Status: Use the Downdetector X (Twitter) Status Page for real-time user reports. Clear Cache: Try clearing your browser cache or restarting the mobile app. Check Connection: Switch between Wi-Fi and mobile data to rule out local network problems.
2025-ci ildə Dünya Borcunun Vizuallaşdırılması 2025-ci ilin sonlarına yaxın qlobal borc 346 trilyon dollar ətrafında fırlanır, bu da dünyanın ÜDM-nin təxminən 310%-ni təmsil edir, ABŞ və Yaponiya kimi inkişaf etmiş ölkələrdən böyük töhfələrlə, hökumətlərin, şirkətlərin və ev təsərrüfatlarının borclanması davam etdikcə, əhəmiyyətli yenidən maliyyələşdirmə riskləri və artan faiz xərcləri yaradır. Əsas Rəqəmlər & Tendensiyalar: Cəmi Borc: Beynəlxalq Maliyyə İnstitutuna (IIF) görə, 2025-ci ilin sentyabrına qədər təxminən 346 trilyon dollar səviyyəsinə çatdı. Borc-ÜDM Nisbəti: Təxminən 310%, sabit nisbət, lakin rekord yüksək. Sürücülər: Artan dövlət borclanması (pandemiya sonrası, infrastruktur), korporativ investisiya və ev təsərrüfatlarının evlər və təhsil üçün maliyyələşməsi. Risk Faktoru: Yüksək faiz dərəcələri bu borcu xidmət etmək üçün daha yüksək xərclər deməkdir, gələcək bir neçə il ərzində əhəmiyyətli məbləğlərin müddəti bitir. Sektor üzrə Dağılım (Təxminən): Dövlət Borcu: Təkcə dövlət borcu üçün 100 trilyon dollardan çox, qabaqcıl iqtisadiyyatlar yüksək nisbətlərə (ABŞ ~120-123%, Yaponiya ~236%, və s.) malikdir. Korporativ & Ev Təsərrüfatı Borcu: Eyni zamanda əhəmiyyətli, qlobal böyük rəqəmi təşkil edir. Kontekst: Borc dərhal gəlirdən daha çox xərcləməyə imkan tanıyır, böyüməni və böhranları maliyyələşdirir, lakin onun ölçüsü davamlılıq və gələcək iqtisadi sabitlik barədə narahatlıqları artırır.
Global markets are generally falling today (December 12, 2025) due to investors reacting to high interest rate signals from the US Federal Reserve, growing worries about AI stock valuations, potential weakening of US-China trade relations, significant profit-booking after recent rallies, and concerns over specific sectors like tech and real estate, leading to broad risk-off sentiment. Key Factors Driving the Decline: Higher-for-Longer Interest Rates: Comments or data suggesting the Fed might keep rates elevated longer than anticipated dampens investor enthusiasm, making borrowing costlier for companies and reducing stock appeal. AI Hype Cools: After a strong run, some investors are taking profits and questioning the extreme valuations of AI-related stocks, causing a sector pullback. Geopolitical & Trade Uncertainty: Lingering US-China trade tensions and policy unpredictability create market jitters, especially for global supply chains. Inflation & Economic Data: Stronger-than-expected economic data can push yields up, signaling persistent inflation and prompting rate hike fears, while upcoming inflation reports (like PCE) create anticipation and volatility. Profit-Booking & Expiry: Ahead of major options/futures (F&O) expirations, investors often sell existing holdings to lock in profits, adding downward pressure. Sector-Specific Weakness: Weak guidance from major tech companies (like Meta) or slowing performance in key areas like Chinese semiconductor stocks can drag down broader indices. In essence, it's a mix of macroeconomic caution (rates, inflation) and profit-taking after a strong market run, amplified by global uncertainties.
The Ukraine war became the first major conflict heavily involving cryptocurrency, serving as a double-edged sword: Ukraine used it for massive global fundraising (hundreds of millions for defense) due to its speed and decentralization, while Russian-aligned groups used it to evade sanctions and fund war efforts. It highlighted crypto's potential as a financial tool and geopolitical asset, prompting global calls for stronger regulation to curb its use in conflict financing and sanction evasion, with studies showing mixed impacts on crypto markets, sometimes acting as a hedge. Ukraine's Use of Crypto Rapid Fundraising: Ukraine raised over $200 million in crypto for defense, buying gear, drones, and medical supplies, bypassing traditional banking hurdles. Direct Government Support: The Ukrainian government directly solicited and received crypto donations via social media. Decentralization: Crypto's decentralized nature enabled quick, borderless transfers, crucial for wartime funding. Russia's Use of Crypto Sanction Evasion: Russian militia groups and hackers used digital currencies to circumvent international sanctions. Funding Militias: Funds were used to purchase supplies and support training for Russian-affiliated forces. Market & Regulatory Impact Geopolitical Tool: The conflict showed crypto's power as a geopolitical instrument, not just a financial one. Regulatory Scrutiny: Global bodies like the IMF and FATF called for stricter crypto regulations to prevent use in financing conflicts and sanctions. Market Volatility: Research showed mixed effects, with some negative war events leading to positive crypto returns, suggesting potential as a hedge or safe haven, similar to gold. Supply Chain & Sanctions: Some crypto-related companies halted operations in Russia, affecting access to hardware like cold wallets. Key Takeaway The Russia-Ukraine war demonstrated cryptocurrency's significant, complex role in modern conflict, transforming it into a vital asset for both humanitarian aid/defense and illicit financing, pushing regulators to address its vulnerabilities.
Both the Russia-Ukraine war and the implementation of tariffs generally cause short-term negative impacts and increased volatility in the cryptocurrency market, though in the long-term, they can sometimes drive crypto adoption as a potential hedge against fiat currency devaluation and economic instability. Impact of the Russia-Ukraine War The Russia-Ukraine war has had a complex, largely negative, but also transformative effect on the cryptocurrency market: Increased Volatility and Negative Returns: The initial invasion in February 2022 led to significant market volatility and a sharp decline in the prices of major cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum, as investors moved away from riskier assets.Safe Haven Ambiguity: While some investors hoped crypto would act as a "safe haven" like gold, during the initial crisis, it largely correlated with traditional stock markets and did not immediately show safe-haven characteristics. Humanitarian Aid and Sanction Evasion: The conflict highlighted practical use cases for crypto, such as facilitating quick cross-border humanitarian aid to Ukraine and, conversely, being used by some Russians to circumvent economic sanctions, leading to increased trading volumes in both countries.Long-Term Resilience/Positive Returns: Some later studies, using data up to September 2023, suggest a significant positive relationship between the war index and cryptocurrency returns, indicating the asset class's potential for diversification and resilience during prolonged geopolitical turmoil.Impact of Tariffs, as a form of macroeconomic policy, indirectly affect the crypto market primarily through increased market uncertainty and their impact on operational costs: Short-Term Volatility and Price Drops: Announcements of new tariffs, such as those in early 2025, have triggered significant downturns in the crypto market, as investors typically become risk-averse and sell off speculative assets like cryptocurrencies amidst global trade tensions.Inflation and Interest Rates: Tariffs can lead to higher prices for imported goods, payments.
#BTCVSGOLD Gold has significantly outperformed Bitcoin over the last six months, driven by economic uncertainty and inflation concerns. As of early December 2025, gold's price has increased by over 26% since June 2025, while Bitcoin's price has experienced a decrease of over 8% in USD. Performance Comparison Gold has seen a steady rise, reaching new highs. Bitcoin has experienced significant volatility and a notable downturn in November 2025. Asset Price (June 9, 2025) Price (Dec 4-5, 2025) % Change (Approx) Gold (USD per oz) $3,354.90 $4,235.40 +26.25% Bitcoin (USD) Approx. $90,633 Approx. $83,000 -8.4% Market Drivers Gold: Prices have been fueled by ongoing inflation and economic uncertainty, leading investors to diversify into safe-haven assets. Bitcoin: The cryptocurrency has tumbled into a bear market recently, with some analysts from JPMorgan suggesting its price direction near-term might depend on large holders' resilience. Despite the recent drop, some price predictions for the next 6-12 months are high.
Philip R. Zimmermann is an American computer scientist and cryptographer. He is the creator of Pretty Good Privacy, the most widely used email encryption software in the world. He is also known for his work in VoIP encryption protocols, notably ZRTP and Zfone. Phil Zimmermann is an American computer scientist and cryptographer widely recognized as the creator of Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), the most used software for email encryption. His work has been pivotal in the fight for digital privacy and has earned him numerous awards. Key Contributions and Career Pretty Good Privacy (PGP): In 1991, motivated by a proposed bill that would have mandated government "back doors" in all communication systems, Zimmermann developed and released PGP for free to the public. It was the first widely available program to implement public-key cryptography, a move intended to democratize online privacy for ordinary people and human rights activists worldwide. "Crypto Wars": The international distribution of PGP, which used an encryption key length considered a "munition" under U.S. export law at the time, led to a three-year criminal investigation by the U.S. government. The case was eventually dropped without indictment in 1996, and the ensuing legal battles helped establish that software code is a form of speech protected by the First Amendment. Silent Circle: Zimmermann co-founded Silent Circle in 2012, a secure communications company offering encrypted hardware and subscription software. VoIP Encryption: He is also known for developing the ZRTP protocol and the related Zfone software for secure Voice over IP (VoIP) encryption. "Zimmermann's Law": He famously stated, "The natural flow of technology tends to move in the direction of making surveillance easier," a concept often referred to as "Zimmermann's Law". Recognition Zimmermann has received many technical and humanitarian awards, including: The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) Pioneer Award in 1995. Induction into the Internet Hall of Fame in 2012. An honorary doctorate from the Université libre de Bruxelles in 2016. More information is available on Phil Zimmermann's official website, philzimmermann.com.
"Bir honeypot" kriptoda, sərmayədarları görünən yüksək mənfəətlə cəlb etmək üçün hazırlanmış bir fırıldaqdır, lakin qurbanların fondlarını çıxarmaqdan daşındıran zərərli kodu ehtiva edir. Bu fırıldaqçı sxemlər texniki zəifliklərdən və tamah kimi psixoloji amillərdən istifadə edərək aktivləri oğurlayır. Bir dəfə tuzağa düşdükdə, fırıldaqçılar toplanmış bütün vəsaitləri sıxışdırıb yox ola bilərlər. Kripto honeypot fırıldağı necə işləyir Honeypot fırıldakları bir neçə formada ola bilər, saxta tokenlər, cüzdanlar və ya mübadilələr daxil olmaqla, lakin ümumiyyətlə oxşar bir nümunəni izləyirlər:
Nick Szabo, bir kompüter mütəxəssisi və kriptoloqdur, Bitcoin-in yaradıcısı Satoshi Nakamoto olma ehtimalı olan bir namizəd olaraq geniş şəkildə qəbul edilir, çünki "Bit Gold" adlı Bitcoin-ə qədər olan işləri ilə tanınır. Lakin, Szabo dəfələrlə Nakamoto olmağı inkar edib və heç bir qəti sübut yoxdur. Nick Szabo-nun Bitcoin ilə əlaqəsi haqqında əsas faktlar: Bit Gold: 1998-ci ildən, Szabo "Bit Gold" adlı mərkəzləşdirilməmiş rəqəmsal valyutanı, sonradan Bitcoin-də tapılan bir neçə əsas elementi, məsələn, rəqəmsal qıtlıq yaratmaq üçün iş sübutu sistemini daxil edərək düşünmüşdür. O, 2008-ci ildə onu kodlamaq üçün kömək istəyi də yerləşdirmişdir, Bitcoin ağ kağızı dərc edildikdən altı ay əvvəl. Konseptual Uyğunluq: Szabo-nun libertarizm baxışları və maliyyə sistemlərində üçüncü tərəflərə olan inamsızlığı, onun yazılarında ətraflı izah etdiyi kimi, Bitcoin-in mərkəzləşdirilməmiş strukturu ilə sıx şəkildə uyğun gəlir. Dilin Analizi: 2014-cü ildə Aston Universitetində forensik dilçilər Szabo-nun yazı üslubunun Bitcoin ağ kağızı ilə güclü uyğunluq təşkil etdiyini nəticəyə gəldilər, bu da şübhəni gücləndirdi. Digər dil araşdırmaları qarışıq nəticələr vermişdir, bu da Satoshi-nin bir qrup ola biləcəyini irəliləyir. İnkarlar və Qarşı Sübutlar: Szabo ardıcıl olaraq Satoshi Nakamoto olmağı inkar edib. Bundan əlavə, Szabo haqqında soruşulduqda, şübhəli olan başqa bir kriptoloq, Wei Dai, Satoshi-nin əvvəlcə Szabo-nun Bit Gold təklifi ilə tanış olmadığını vurğuladı, bu da əgər onlar eyni şəxs olsaydı, inandırıcı görünmür. Satoshi-nin bir bəyanatı da onun hüquqşünas olmadığını göstərdi, halbuki Szabo-nun hüquq dərəcəsi var. Təsir, ixtira deyil: O, dəqiq yaradıcısı olmasa da, Szabo-nun təsiri danılmazdır. Rəqəmsal valyutalar və ağıllı müqavilələr üzərindəki əvvəlki işi Bitcoin-in dizaynına ilham verən əhəmiyyətli bir təməl qoymuşdur. Sonrakı bir mesajda Satoshi belə qeyd etdi ki, Bitcoin "1998-ci ildə Cypherpunks-da Wei Dai-nin b-money təklifinin və Nick Szabo-nun Bitgold təklifinin bir icrası idi."