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The Orb and World Chain: Building a Human-First Internet

The introduction of World Chain, a new Layer-2 blockchain for the Ethereum ecosystem, represents a significant evolution for the Worldcoin project. However, the true bedrock of this human-centric network is the controversial, yet pivotal, piece of hardware known as The Orb.

This article explores the technology, function, and critical role the Orb plays in making World Chain a unique, human-verified corner of the decentralized web.

The Orb: The Physical Gatekeeper to World Chain

The Orb is a custom-built, futuristic-looking biometric imaging device developed by Tools for Humanity, the company behind Worldcoin. Its sole and critical function is to verify that a person is a unique human being—a concept often referred to as Proof-of-Personhood (PoP)—without revealing their identity.

1. Iris-Scanning Technology

The Orb's core technology is high-resolution iris scanning, considered one of the most secure forms of biometrics. The process is quick, taking only a few seconds, and is designed for global, mass adoption:

* Generating World ID: When a user looks into the Orb, it captures images of their iris. Advanced on-device processing algorithms convert this image into a unique, encrypted numerical code known as the World ID.

* Privacy by Design: Crucially, Worldcoin claims that the original biometric images are permanently deleted from the Orb device after the unique code is generated, or are securely stored in a way that allows users to delete their data at any point. The user's World ID is a zero-knowledge proof—it verifies humanity without revealing who the human is.

* Fighting Fraud: The Orb’s system ensures that each user can only register once, preventing bots and bad actors from creating multiple digital identities (a common problem in crypto).